Geometry and topology · Oct 6, 2026

Triangular-lattice optimality, long-range Riesz and Coulomb energies, and spherical logarithmic energy

Proves that the triangular lattice minimizes the lower limit of energy per particle for every nonnegative completely monotone potential of squared distance among locally finite planar configurations of centered-disk density one. It also minimizes unit-background renormalized Riesz energies for 0<s<20\lt s\lt 2 and Coulomb energy, resolving Sandier–Serfaty and the two-dimensional Brauchart–Hardin–Saff conjecture on the linear term of optimal spherical logarithmic energy.

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