Combinatorics · Oct 6, 2026

The circulant Hadamard and Barker-sequence conjectures

Proves that real circulant Hadamard matrices exist exactly in orders 1 and 4, resolving the circulant Hadamard conjecture. Together with classical Barker-sequence results, this shows that binary sequences whose nontrivial aperiodic autocorrelations have magnitude at most 1 exist at lengths n > 1 exactly when n∈{2,3,4,5,7,11,13}n\in\{2,3,4,5,7,11,13\}.

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