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Topology through Four Centuries: Low Dimensional Manifolds

PublishedPublication date Aug 15, 2014
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Overview

Topology through Four Centuries: Low Dimensional Manifolds · ICM 2014 lecture slides

Slides of the author's lecture at the International Congress of Mathematicians, Seoul, 15 August 2014, posted on his Stony Brook page; not a refereed paper.

Passages

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Passage 1 · OpenMath paraphrasePermalink

Slide 33, “To Conclude: An Open Problem”

For each n, the oriented diffeomorphism classes of manifolds homeomorphic to Sⁿ form a semigroup under connected sum. For n ≠ 4 it is a finite abelian group (Kervaire–Milnor, with Perelman); it is trivial for n = 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 12, 61 and non-trivial for every other n ≤ 63 except 4. The smooth analogue in dimension four remains open.

Passage details

Passage ID: poincare-conjecture:entry:milnor-spheres:v1

Source item: Slide 33, “To Conclude: An Open Problem”

Source record: milnor-four-centuries@icm-2014-slides-sha256-89cf5c46

Used in

Explicit citations in versioned problem publications. A citation records a use; it does not confer proof or independent verification.

Poincaré conjecture →

Problem publication v13

Exotic spheres in every other dimension up to 63 →

Source assessment

Proved

Established result reported in the author’s lecture

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Source date Aug 15, 2014 · Observed Oct 21, 2026

Dimensions where every smooth sphere is standard →

Source assessment

Proved

Established result reported in the author’s lecture

Only the exact statement and passage cited here; not an independent OpenMath assessment.

Source date Aug 15, 2014 · Observed Oct 21, 2026

Problem context · 1 citations

Credits

Recorded authorship

John Milnor

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  1. icm-2014-slides-sha256-89cf5c46 · selectedObserved Oct 21, 2026 · used in current publications

    Topology through Four Centuries: Low Dimensional Manifolds

Record details
Source ID
milnor-four-centuries
Record ID
milnor-four-centuries@icm-2014-slides-sha256-89cf5c46
Recorded title
Topology through Four Centuries: Low Dimensional Manifolds
Revision
icm-2014-slides-sha256-89cf5c46
Observed
Oct 21, 2026
Source updated
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Content SHA-256
89cf5c46999912d9668f8ea507109bb7d93f047925d9e418c9b434375a2ae9c9
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