For infinitely many integers N ≥ 2 there are a bounded simply connected star-shaped non-disk Ω with C∞ boundary and N-fold symmetry, λ > 0 and a nonconstant u∈C∞(Ω) satisfying Δu+λu=0 in Ω, u = 1 and ∂νu=0 on ∂Ω.
Assumptions
Planar star-shaped domains with smooth boundary.
Existence for infinitely many integer symmetry orders, not a prescribed N.
Scope
Cao-Labora–de Dios Pont’s uniform bifurcation theorem supplies an infinite family without a numerical certificate.
Geometry
Star-shaped non-disks for infinitely many N ≥ 2
Boundary / field
C∞ boundary and field on the closure
Numerical input
Uniform bifurcation argument; no numerical certificate
Evidence scope
Smooth manuscript family; its exact infinite-family scope is not claimed by the C² formal statement
Constructs infinitely many symmetry orders with smooth star-shaped non-disk counterexamples through a uniform bifurcation argument.
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Gonzalo Cao-Labora · Jaume de Dios Pont · Preprint · Publication date Aug 5, 2026
Revision & attribution
Source revision: 2026-08-05. Observed Oct 13, 2026.
The authors credit GPT-5.5/5.6 and Claude Opus 4.8/Fable 5 for exploration, checks and exposition; GPT-5.6 assisted the early-draft Lean verification. The authors retain responsibility.
History
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Assessment history · 1
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